[转帖]一人公司是否能转为普通有限责任公司?
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">一人公司是否能转为普通有限责任公司</span><span lang="EN-US">?<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" M="M"year="2007"><span lang="EN-US">2007</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，上海市工商行政管理局金山分局颁发企业法人营业执照，确认上海某有限责任公司</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">下称某公司</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">成立，公司为工人有限责任公司，法定代表人为黄某，注</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">册资本为</span><span lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元。</span><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="21" M="M"year="2007"><span lang="EN-US">2007</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US">7</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US">21</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，黄某、潘某与王某、鲍某、李某订立协议书，约定“五人共同出资设立某公司，出资额为</span><span lang="EN-US">480</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元，其中货币出资</span><span lang="EN-US">430</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元，技术投资相当于</span><span lang="EN-US">50</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元，王、鲍、李三人的出资均</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">为</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元，注册资本将以各股东货币出资额的</span><span lang="EN-US">40%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，计</span><span lang="EN-US">172</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元申请注册登记”。协议书还对公司的经营期限、利润分配、股权转让、股东权利义务以及解散清算等事宜进行了约定。随后，王某、鲍某、李某等三人分别向</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">该公司缴纳了现金</span><span lang="EN-US">32</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">万元。然而，当初五人之间签订的协议书未向工商部门登记各案，工商部门也没有对该公司的性质与注册资本等事项进行变更登记。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><st1:chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="8" M="M"year="2007"><span lang="EN-US">2007</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">年</span><span lang="EN-US">10</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">月</span><span lang="EN-US">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">日</span></st1:chsdate><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">，该公司向法院提起诉讼，要求确认王某</span> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">、鲍某、李某三人为公司的股东。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">法院经审理驳回原告某公司要求确认王某、鲍某、李某为公司股东的诉讼请求。理由是，黄某、潘某与三被告虽然订立了投资协议，但该协议未得到工商部门的确认，更未进行相应的变</span> <span lang="EN-US">-</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">更登记，某公司的性质仍为一人有限责任公司。该公司要求确认王、鲍、李的股东身份，因该公司性质未发生变化，三被告也未经工商登记为股东，投资协议仅仅是一种合同关系，不直接发生股东身份的实质变化，因此对某公司</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">的诉讼请求不予支持。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">对于本案涉及的问题，一方面，一人公司通过增资扩股方式转变为普通有限责任公司面临制度衔接难题。一人公司与普通有限责任公司存在着较大的差异，以致《公司法》将它们分别规定在两个不</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">同的章节，作为两类不同的公司来对待。一人公司一旦存续，其内在的一些法律问题就使得其无法转化为普通的有限责任公司。在法律未就具体的操作流程作出明确规定的情况下，一人公司难以在内部运行机制和外部责任承担等</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">方面实现和普通有限责任公司的衔接。比如，《公司法》第六十四条规定，“一人有限责任公司的股东不能证明公司财产独立于股东自己的财产的，应当对公司债务承担连带责任”。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">如果一人公司可以转化为普通有限责</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">任公司的话，对于一人公司存续期间的债务就可能出现有限责任股东和无限责任股东并存的情形</span><span lang="EN-US">:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">设立一人公司的股东因《公司法》第六十四条而承担无限责任</span><span lang="EN-US">;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">新加入的股东则按照普通有限责任公司的规定仅仅承担有限责任。</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">这种双重股东责任并存的公司运行机制在我国现行的《公司法》中是不被认可的。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">另一方面，《公司法》对一人公司转变为普通有限责任公司事实上持否定态度。一人公司仅有一名股东，与普通有限责任公司相比更容易</span> <span lang="EN-US">*</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">产生滥用法人人格的道德风险，这也是我国立法长期对一人公司的存在持否定态度的原因。《公司法》虽然对一人公司的设立作出了规定，但仍然在注册资本的数额、出资方式以及股东在财产混同时的无限责任等诸多方面作出了</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">比普通有限责任公司更为严格的规定。《公司法》就增资扩股流程对普通有限责任公司作出了明确的规定，对一人公司则未作出规定。根据“法无规定即禁止”的商事组织法原则，《公司法》对一人公司通过增资扩股转变组织形</span> <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New="New"Roman'">态事实上持否定态度。</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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